Fig. 46 CMAS-induced corrosion in HEZ and LZ ceramics. (a) HEZ: Dense RE-apatite and RE-ZrO2 layer without cracks, exhibiting graceful degradation. (b) LZ: Formation of RE-apatite, RE-ZrO2, and MgAl2O4 layer with cracks, indicating reduced CMAS resistance. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [142], © Elsevier 2022. (c) Corrosion progression of ceramic materials under CMAS exposure. Initial contact with CMAS initiates corrosion. Transition: LZ and LaHZ exhibit fluorite and apatite formation with residual CMAS and MgAl2O4. YbHZ shows the Zr-rich layer and Zr-depleted regions. Final: LZ and LaHZ develop a dense apatite layer with fluorite and CMAS residues. YbHZ forms a dual-phase layer of fluorite and pyrochlore, with enhanced CMAS resistance and no CMAS residue. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [143], © Elsevier 2024.
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